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Search for "urea–hydrogen peroxide" in Full Text gives 6 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Towards the preparation of synthetic outer membrane vesicle models with micromolar affinity to wheat germ agglutinin using a dialkyl thioglycoside
- Dimitri Fayolle,
- Nathalie Berthet,
- Bastien Doumeche,
- Olivier Renaudet,
- Peter Strazewski and
- Michele Fiore
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 937–946, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.90
- color was developed using OPD (100 μL per well, 0.4 mg mL−1 in 0.05 M phosphate-citrate buffer) and urea hydrogen peroxide (0.4 mg mL−1). The reaction was stopped after 10 min by adding H2SO4 (30% v/v, 50 μL per well) and the absorbance was measured at 490 nm. The percentage of inhibition was determined
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structure of the β-thiols 1a and 1b and of the commercial alkenes 2a and 2b.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of the n-alkyl thioglycosides 3–5, 7 and 8. Detailed reaction conditions are reported in ...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of the lipophilic scaffold 6; DMAP = N,N-dimethylaminopyridine.
Figure 2: Periodic monitoring by 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMF-d7) of the formation of product 8 from a mixture compou...
Figure 3: Micrographs of giant vesicles and lipid aggregates obtained from the gentle hydration (in PBS, pH 7...
Figure 4: A simplified (and not in scale) representation of the ELLA assay, to study the interaction between ...
Figure 5:
Inhibition curves for the binding of WGA-HRP to PAA-GlcNAc by D-GlcNAc The symbols (■), (![[Graphic 2]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-15-90-i4.svg?max-width=637&scale=0.472728)
) and (○) ...
Figure 6: Main poses obtained from docking experiments. WGA (PDB 2UVO) surface is shown in white for monomer ...
Urea–hydrogen peroxide prompted the selective and controlled oxidation of thioglycosides into sulfoxides and sulfones
- Adesh Kumar Singh,
- Varsha Tiwari,
- Kunj Bihari Mishra,
- Surabhi Gupta and
- Jeyakumar Kandasamy
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1139–1144, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.113
- thioglycosides to corresponding glycosyl sulfoxides and sulfones is reported using urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP). A wide range of glycosyl sulfoxides are selectively achieved using 1.5 equiv of UHP at 60 °C while corresponding sulfones are achieved using 2.5 equiv of UHP at 80 °C in acetic acid. Remarkably
- , oxidation susceptible olefin functional groups were found to be stable during the oxidation of sulfide. Keywords: monosaccharides; oxidation; sulfones; sulfoxides; thioglycosides; urea–hydrogen peroxide; Introduction Organosulfur compounds such as sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones are useful intermediates
- [24]. Most of them are found to be stable which can be easily handled and stored. One such solid adduct is urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP) which is considered to be a safer and efficient alternative to high concentrated aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution [25]. In addition, UHP is also commercially
Nonanebis(peroxoic acid): a stable peracid for oxidative bromination of aminoanthracene-9,10-dione
- Vilas Venunath Patil and
- Ganapati Subray Shankarling
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 921–928, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.90
- , Oxone (Table 3, entry 2) shows 94% conversion of 1a in 2 h. In case of 50% Hydrogen peroxide (Table 3, entry 3), more than 7 equivalents of oxidant were required with successive addition. The urea hydrogen peroxide shows moderate conversion in 20 h (Table 3, entry 6). The other diperoxy acids like
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Aliphatic peracid mediated bromination of aminoanthracene-9,10-dinone.
Scheme 2: Plausible mechanism for the bromination of aminoanthracene-9,10-dione [36,37].
Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products
- Alexander O. Terent'ev,
- Dmitry A. Borisov,
- Vera A. Vil’ and
- Valery M. Dembitsky
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 34–114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.6
- -fused 7,8,10,11-tetraoxatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]henicosane 227 (Scheme 64) [252]. 3.5. Synthesis of 1,2-dioxanes by the Kobayashi method The synthesis is based on the peroxidation of the carbonyl group of unsaturated ketones 228 with the urea–hydrogen peroxide complex followed by a Michael cyclization of
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Five and six-membered cyclic peroxides.
Figure 2: Artemisinin and semi-synthetic derivatives.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dioxolanes 3a–c.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of dioxolane 6.
Scheme 3: Photooxygenation of oxazolidines 7a–d with formation of spiro-fused oxazolidine-containing dioxolan...
Scheme 4: Oxidation of cyclopropanes 10a–e and 11a–e with preparation of 1,2-dioxolanes 12a–e.
Scheme 5: VO(acac)2-catalyzed oxidation of silylated bicycloalkanols 13a–c.
Scheme 6: Mn(II)-catalyzed oxidation of cyclopropanols 15a–g.
Scheme 7: Oxidation of aminocyclopropanes 20a–c.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of aminodioxolanes 24.
Figure 3: Trifluoromethyl-containing dioxolane 25.
Scheme 9: Synthesis of 1,2-dioxolanes 27a–e by the oxidation of cyclopropanes 26a–e.
Scheme 10: Photoinduced oxidation of methylenecyclopropanes 28.
Scheme 11: Irradiation-mediated oxidation.
Scheme 12: Application of diazene 34 for dioxolane synthesis.
Scheme 13: Mn(OAc)3-catalyzed cooxidation of arylacetylenes 37a–h and acetylacetone with atmospheric oxygen.
Scheme 14: Peroxidation of (2-vinylcyclopropyl)benzene (40).
Scheme 15: Peroxidation of 1,4-dienes 43a,b.
Scheme 16: Peroxidation of 1,5-dienes 46.
Scheme 17: Peroxidation of oxetanes 53a,b.
Scheme 18: Peroxidation of 1,6-diene 56.
Scheme 19: Synthesis of 3-alkoxy-1,2-dioxolanes 62a,b.
Scheme 20: Synthesis of spiro-bis(1,2-dioxolane) 66.
Scheme 21: Synthesis of dispiro-1,2-dioxolanes 68, 70, 71.
Scheme 22: Synthesis of spirohydroperoxydioxolanes 75a,b.
Scheme 23: Synthesis of spirohydroperoxydioxolane 77 and dihydroperoxydioxolane 79.
Scheme 24: Ozonolysis of azepino[4,5-b]indole 80.
Scheme 25: SnCl4-mediated fragmentation of ozonides 84a–l in the presence of allyltrimethylsilane.
Scheme 26: SnCl4-mediated fragmentation of bicyclic ozonide 84m in the presence of allyltrimethylsilane.
Scheme 27: MCl4-mediated fragmentation of alkoxyhydroperoxides 96 in the presence of allyltrimethylsilane.
Scheme 28: SnCl4-catalyzed reaction of monotriethylsilylperoxyacetal 108 with alkene 109.
Scheme 29: SnCl4-catalyzed reaction of triethylsilylperoxyacetals 111 with alkenes.
Scheme 30: Desilylation of tert-butyldimethylsilylperoxy ketones 131a,b followed by cyclization.
Scheme 31: Deprotection of peroxide 133 followed by cyclization.
Scheme 32: Asymmetric peroxidation of methyl vinyl ketones 137a–e.
Scheme 33: Et2NH-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization.
Scheme 34: Synthesis of oxodioxolanes 143a–j.
Scheme 35: Haloperoxidation accompanied by intramolecular ring closure.
Scheme 36: Oxidation of triterpenes 149a–d with Na2Cr2O7/N-hydroxysuccinimide.
Scheme 37: Curtius and Wolff rearrangements to form 1,2-dioxolane ring-retaining products.
Scheme 38: Oxidative desilylation of peroxide 124.
Scheme 39: Synthesis of dioxolane 158, a compound containing the aminoquinoline antimalarial pharmacophore.
Scheme 40: Diastereomers of plakinic acid A, 162a and 162b.
Scheme 41: Ozonolysis of alkenes.
Scheme 42: Cross-ozonolysis of alkenes 166 with carbonyl compounds.
Scheme 43: Ozonolysis of the bicyclic cyclohexenone 168.
Scheme 44: Cross-ozonolysis of enol ethers 172a,b with cyclohexanone.
Scheme 45: Griesbaum co-ozonolysis.
Scheme 46: Reactions of aryloxiranes 177a,b with oxygen.
Scheme 47: Intramolecular formation of 1,2,4-trioxolane 180.
Scheme 48: Formation of 1,2,4-trioxolane 180 by the reaction of 1,5-ketoacetal 181 with H2O2.
Scheme 49: 1,2,4-Trioxolane 186 with tetrazole fragment.
Scheme 50: 1,2,4-Trioxolane 188 with a pyridine fragment.
Scheme 51: 1,2,4-Trioxolane 189 with pyrimidine fragment.
Scheme 52: Synthesis of aminoquinoline-containing 1,2,4-trioxalane 191.
Scheme 53: Synthesis of arterolane.
Scheme 54: Oxidation of diarylheptadienes 197a–c with singlet oxygen.
Scheme 55: Synthesis of hexacyclinol peroxide 200.
Scheme 56: Oxidation of enone 201 and enenitrile 203 with singlet oxygen.
Scheme 57: Synthesis of 1,2-dioxanes 207 by oxidative coupling of carbonyl compounds 206 and alkenes 205.
Scheme 58: 1,2-Dioxanes 209 synthesis by co-oxidation of 1,5-dienes 208 and thiols.
Scheme 59: Synthesis of bicyclic 1,2-dioxanes 212 with aryl substituents.
Scheme 60: Isayama–Mukaiyama peroxysilylation of 1,5-dienes 213 followed by desilylation under acidic conditio...
Scheme 61: Synthesis of bicycle 218 with an 1,2-dioxane ring.
Scheme 62: Intramolecular cyclization with an oxirane-ring opening.
Scheme 63: Inramolecular cyclization with the oxetane-ring opening.
Scheme 64: Intramolecular cyclization with the attack on a keto group.
Scheme 65: Peroxidation of the carbonyl group in unsaturated ketones 228 followed by cyclization of hydroperox...
Scheme 66: CsOH and Et2NH-catalyzed cyclization.
Scheme 67: Preparation of peroxyplakoric acid methyl ethers A and D.
Scheme 68: Hg(OAc)2 in 1,2-dioxane synthesis.
Scheme 69: Reaction of 1,4-diketones 242 with hydrogen peroxide.
Scheme 70: Inramolecular cyclization with oxetane-ring opening.
Scheme 71: Inramolecular cyclization with MsO fragment substitution.
Scheme 72: Synthesis of 1,2-dioxane 255a, a structurally similar compound to natural peroxyplakoric acids.
Scheme 73: Synthesis of 1,2-dioxanes based on the intramolecular cyclization of hydroperoxides containing C=C ...
Scheme 74: Use of BCIH in the intramolecular cyclization.
Scheme 75: Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of δ-unsaturated hydroperoxides 271a–e.
Scheme 76: Intramolecular cyclization of unsaturated peroxyacetals 273a–d.
Scheme 77: Allyltrimethylsilane in the synthesis of 1,2-dioxanes 276a–d.
Scheme 78: Intramolecular cyclization using the electrophilic center of the peroxycarbenium ion 279.
Scheme 79: Synthesis of bicyclic 1,2-dioxanes.
Scheme 80: Preparation of 1,2-dioxane 286.
Scheme 81: Di(tert-butyl)peroxalate-initiated radical cyclization of unsaturated hydroperoxide 287.
Scheme 82: Oxidation of 1,4-betaines 291a–d.
Scheme 83: Synthesis of aminoquinoline-containing 1,2-dioxane 294.
Scheme 84: Synthesis of the sulfonyl-containing 1,2-dioxane.
Scheme 85: Synthesis of the amido-containing 1,2-dioxane 301.
Scheme 86: Reaction of singlet oxygen with the 1,3-diene system 302.
Scheme 87: Synthesis of (+)-premnalane А and 8-epi-premnalane A.
Scheme 88: Synthesis of the diazo group containing 1,2-dioxenes 309a–e.
Figure 4: Plakortolide Е.
Scheme 89: Synthesis of 6-epiplakortolide Е.
Scheme 90: Application of Bu3SnH for the preparation of tetrahydrofuran-containing bicyclic peroxides 318a,b.
Scheme 91: Application of Bu3SnH for the preparation of lactone-containing bicyclic peroxides 320a–f.
Scheme 92: Dihydroxylation of the double bond in the 1,2-dioxene ring 321 with OsO4.
Scheme 93: Epoxidation of 1,2-dioxenes 324.
Scheme 94: Cyclopropanation of the double bond in endoperoxides 327.
Scheme 95: Preparation of pyridazine-containing bicyclic endoperoxides 334a–c.
Scheme 96: Synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes 337 by the hydroperoxidation of unsaturated alcohols 335 with 1O2 and ...
Scheme 97: Synthesis of sulfur-containing 1,2,4-trioxanes 339.
Scheme 98: BF3·Et2O-catalyzed synthesis of the 1,2,4-trioxanes 342a–g.
Scheme 99: Photooxidation of enol ethers or vinyl sulfides 343.
Scheme 100: Synthesis of tricyclic peroxide 346.
Scheme 101: Reaction of endoperoxides 348a,b derived from cyclohexadienes 347a,b with 1,4-cyclohexanedione.
Scheme 102: [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to 2Н-pyrans 350.
Scheme 103: Synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes 354 using peroxysilylation stage.
Scheme 104: Epoxide-ring opening in 355 with H2O2 followed by the condensation of hydroxy hydroperoxides 356 wi...
Scheme 105: Peroxidation of unsaturated ketones 358 with the H2O2/CF3COOH/H2SO4 system.
Scheme 106: Synthesis of 1,2,4-trioxanes 362 through Et2NH-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization.
Scheme 107: Reduction of the double bond in tricyclic peroxides 363.
Scheme 108: Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction in the presence of peroxide group.
Scheme 109: Reduction of ester group by LiBH4 in the presence of 1,2,4-trioxane moiety.
Scheme 110: Reductive amination of keto-containing 1,2,4-trioxane 370.
Scheme 111: Reductive amination of keto-containing 1,2,4-trioxane and a Fe-containing moiety.
Scheme 112: Acid-catalyzed reactions of Н2О2 with ketones and aldehydes 374.
Scheme 113: Cyclocondensation of carbonyl compounds 376a–d using Me3SiOOSiMe3/CF3SO3SiMe3.
Scheme 114: Peroxidation of 4-methylcyclohexanone (378).
Scheme 115: Synthesis of symmetrical tetraoxanes 382a,b from aldehydes 381a,b.
Scheme 116: Synthesis of unsymmetrical tetraoxanes using of MeReO3.
Scheme 117: Synthesis of symmetrical tetraoxanes using of MeReO3.
Scheme 118: Synthesis of symmetrical tetraoxanes using of MeReO3.
Scheme 119: MeReO3 in the synthesis of symmetrical tetraoxanes with the use of aldehydes.
Scheme 120: Preparation of unsymmmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes with high antimalarial activity.
Scheme 121: Re2O7-Catalyzed synthesis of tetraoxanes 398.
Scheme 122: H2SO4-Catalyzed synthesis of steroidal tetraoxanes 401.
Scheme 123: HBF4-Catalyzed condensation of bishydroperoxide 402 with 1,4-cyclohexanedione.
Scheme 124: BF3·Et2O-Catalyzed reaction of gem-bishydroperoxides 404 with enol ethers 405 and acetals 406.
Scheme 125: HBF4-Catalyzed cyclocondensation of bishydroperoxide 410 with ketones.
Scheme 126: Synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical tetraoxanes 413 from benzaldehydes 412.
Scheme 127: Synthesis of bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes 415a–l from β-diketones 414a–l and H2O2.
Scheme 128: Dimerization of zwitterions 417.
Scheme 129: Ozonolysis of verbenone 419.
Scheme 130: Ozonolysis of O-methyl oxime 424.
Scheme 131: Peroxidation of 1,1,1-trifluorododecan-2-one 426 with oxone.
Scheme 132: Intramolecular cyclization of dialdehyde 428 with H2O2.
Scheme 133: Tetraoxanes 433–435 as by-products in peroxidation of ketals 430–432.
Scheme 134: Transformation of triperoxide 436 in diperoxide 437.
Scheme 135: Preparation and structural modifications of tetraoxanes.
Scheme 136: Structural modifications of steroidal tetraoxanes.
Scheme 137: Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane 454 containing the fluorescent moiety.
Scheme 138: Synthesis of tetraoxane 458 (RKA182).
Anion receptors containing thiazine-1,1-dioxide heterocycles as hydrogen bond donors
- Hong-Bo Wang,
- James A. Wisner and
- Michael C. Jennings
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 50, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.50
- these dithioethers to the disulfones 9 and 10 with urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in acetonitrile at room temperature proceeds in high yields. The final products 1 and 2 were obtained by the cyclization and dehydration of these intermediate disulfones with ammonium
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of thiazine-1,1-dioxide heterocycle (A) and sulfonamide function (B).
Figure 2: Structures of anion receptors 1–4.
Scheme 1: Syntheses of 1 and 2. Reaction conditions: (a) (X = CH) NBS, TsOH, CH3CN, reflux or (X = N) Br2, Al...
Figure 3: Stick representations of the X-ray crystal structures of (a) receptor 1 and (b) receptor 2. Non-aci...
The development and evaluation of a continuous flow process for the lipase- mediated oxidation of alkenes
- Charlotte Wiles,
- Marcus J. Hammond and
- Paul Watts
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.27
- such as H2O2 (2) and urea–hydrogen peroxide (UHP, 3) [12]. For this transformation, the biocatalysts of choice are lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3), which are a group of water soluble enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of lipid substrates, i.e. triglycerides and fats, in biological systems and are a subclass
- the use of urea–hydrogen peroxide (3) as the oxidising agent. In addition to reports made by Olivo and co-workers, UHP (3) [29] was selected as the oxidant as it is a cheap, commercially available, source of anhydrous H2O2 (2) which, in addition to its use in the synthesis of epoxides [30][31], has
- ), cyclohexene (10, 99%, Aldrich), urea–hydrogen peroxide (3, Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (2, 30%, 100 volume, Fisher Scientific), Novozym® 435 (4) (Lipase acrylic resin from Candida antarctica, ≥ 10 000 U g−1, Nordisk), deuterated chloroform (+0.03% TMS, < 0.01% H2O, Euriso-top) and ethyl acetate (Reagent grade
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Illustration of the chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of an alkene; involving the biocatalytic perhydroly...
Scheme 2: Illustration of the chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of 1-methylcyclohexene (6) to 1-methylcyclohexene o...
Scheme 3: Model reaction used to compare the continuous flow epoxidation strategy with the conventional batch...
Figure 1: Schematic of the reaction set-up used to evaluate the continuous flow chemo-enzymatic epoxidation o...
Figure 2: Graph illustrating the effect of flow rate (hence residence time) on the conversion of 1-methylcycl...
Figure 3: Graph illustrating the effect of (a) flow rate and (b) residence time on the conversion of 1-methyl...
Figure 4: Graph illustrating the effect of oxidant stoichiometry on the conversion of 1-methylcyclohexene (6)...
Figure 5: Illustration of the enzyme 4 stability to H2O2 (2) for the conversion of 1-methylcyclohexene (6) to...
Scheme 4: Illustration of the reaction products obtained when conducting the continuous flow epoxidation of c...
